Cesme is a pretty coast town that is connected to the most modern settlement area of west Anatolia, Izmir. The district's historical progress should be considered together with the settlement areas like Erythrai and Cesmeköy which are within its borders, because these two settlement areas and the central district Cesme complete each other through out the historical process. The settlement starting first in Erythrai since 3000 B.C. , then enlarged towards where today is called Cesmeköy and the two places have been an area of continuous settlement since then as the central district joined in, in the latter times.
The district's historical progress. Not being very certain, is observed to go back to the year 3000 B.C. from the excavations and the researches done in the antique city of Eryrhrai. We do not have sufficient information on the historical progress of the area until the second half of the year 2000 B.C. It is understood by the information we get from some antique authors that Leleghs who are of Anatolian native people, had settled here. The nations moving by various reasons from, Greece, over Aegean sea and the islands, to west Anatolia, had met the native people Leleghs had accepted their dominance.

Besides the olden settlement in Erythrai especially after the beginning of the year 1000 B.C. it has been found out as result of the researches that there was a small settlement area on the east of the central district called Kalemburnu.
The area going under the dominance of Lydian's in 6th century B.C. and the Persian Empire after 546 B.C. lived under Persian dominance and at times independently after Alexander the great entered west Anatolia until 334 B.C. Getting hold of its independency after this date, the area continued its development dependent on the Asia State of Roman Empire. Having glorious times under the Roman dominance, Cesme stayed in the territory of eastern Rome after the separation of the empire into two.

It has lost power after the 3rd century A.D. Especially under the Byzantine dominance, the area took the shape of a village. Short after the Turks entered Anatolia, they started to raid the area. In 1080 A.D. Cesme peninsula, though with short intervals, had gone under the Turkish dominance. The famous Turkish Chief Emir Caka, after conquering the area, started to raid the islands. Caka Bey had used Cesme, as the base point of his sea wars against the Aegean Islands and the Byzantine dominance over seas. In the 13th century the Germian Lord was Sasa Bey. The area was then conquered in the 14th century by Aydınoğulları and was occupied by them.